Xkcd #378, "Real Programmers," by Randall Munroe. Programs and functions in functional languages are like mathematical expressions in that they provide relations between two or more entities rather than a set of instructions involving those entities. A so-called "pure" functional language would not use variables at all, and would focus entirely on the manipulation of arguments to produce results. Instead, functional programming languages are made up of "functions," the concept of which is closer to a mathematical function like f(x) = e^x. Functional programming languages do not rely on a system of interacting objects to complete a task, as object-oriented programming languages like Java do. Unlike Java, which belongs to the Object Oriented programming paradigm, SML is a member of the Functional programming paradigm. SML, short for Standard ML, is the primary programming language of Independent Study.
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